Introduction:
Islamic jurisprudence encompasses various schools of thought, each offering unique approaches to understanding and implementing Islamic law. This article focuses on the Maliki Math’hab, the Fiqh of Iraq and Hijaz, and the Zaydi Math’hab, examining their principles and teachings solely through the lens of the Quran. By relying on Quranic quotes, we can gain insight into the foundations and perspectives of these schools.
Maliki Math’hab:
The Maliki school, named after Imam Malik, is one of the four major schools of jurisprudence. It emphasizes the Quran, Hadith, consensus (Ijma’), and analogy (Qiyas) as sources of guidance for legal rulings. The Maliki school places a strong emphasis on the practice of the people of Madinah, where Imam Malik resided.
Quote from the Quran: Surah Al-An’am (6:38) affirms the importance of following the practices of the people of the city, stating, “There is no creature on earth but that upon Allah is its provision, and He knows its place of dwelling and place of storage. All is in a clear register.”
The Maliki school emphasizes the application of local customs and practices in understanding and implementing Islamic law, considering the specific contexts and traditions of the community.
Quote from the Quran: Surah Al-Ma’idah (5:48) highlights the importance of judging by what Allah has revealed, stating, “And We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], the Book in truth, confirming that which preceded it of the Scripture and as a criterion over it. So judge between them by what Allah has revealed and do not follow their inclinations away from what has come to you of the truth.”
Fiqh of Iraq and Hijaz:
The Fiqh of Iraq and Hijaz refers to the legal tradition developed in these regions, drawing influences from various scholars and schools of thought. It encompasses the Maliki, Hanafi, and Shafi’i schools, emphasizing the Quran and Hadith as primary sources of guidance.
Quote from the Quran: Surah Al-Hajj (22:78) encourages believers to adhere to the middle path and avoid extremes in matters of religion, stating, “And strive for Allah with the striving due to Him. He has chosen you and has not placed upon you in the religion any difficulty.”
The Fiqh of Iraq and Hijaz reflects the region’s rich scholarly tradition and their commitment to extracting legal rulings from the Quran and authentic Hadith, considering the diverse perspectives of scholars from different schools.
Zaydi Math’hab:
The Zaydi school, named after Imam Zayd ibn Ali, is a branch of Shia jurisprudence. It emphasizes the Quran and the teachings of the Prophet’s Ahl al-Bayt (family) as sources of guidance. The Zaydi school places importance on social justice and rebellion against oppressive rulers.
Quote from the Quran: Surah An-Nisa (4:59) reminds believers to refer matters of disagreement to Allah and the Prophet, stating, “O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.”
The Zaydi school seeks to establish just and equitable societies, upholding the rights of the oppressed and challenging tyranny and injustice.
Quote from the Quran: Surah An-Nahl (16:90) emphasizes the importance of justice, stating, “Indeed, Allah orders justice and good conduct and giving to relatives and forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression. He admonishes you that perhaps you will be reminded.”
Comparison:
While the Maliki Math’hab, the Fiqh of Iraq and Hijaz, and the Zaydi Math’hab may differ in certain aspects, they all share a common reliance on the Quran as a primary source of guidance. They aim to derive legal rulings from the Quran’s teachings and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and his family.
These schools of thought reflect the diversity within Islamic jurisprudence, showcasing different methodologies, geographical influences, and historical contexts. Yet, their common foundation lies in the Quranic principles of justice, righteousness, and adherence to the teachings of Allah and His Messenger.
Conclusion:
The Maliki Math’hab, the Fiqh of Iraq and Hijaz, and the Zaydi Math’hab each contribute to the rich tapestry of Islamic jurisprudence. Despite their nuanced differences, they all seek to uphold the Quranic values of justice, righteousness, and adherence to divine guidance.
By focusing on the Quran as the ultimate source of wisdom and guidance, these schools strive to ensure that their legal rulings align with the teachings of Islam. They serve as reminders for believers to seek knowledge, reflect on the Quran’s verses, and derive legal rulings that promote justice, compassion, and the well-being of society.
As Muslims navigate the complexities of life and strive to uphold Islamic principles, it is essential to approach these schools of thought with respect, understanding, and an open mind. The Quran remains the ultimate criterion to judge the validity of any legal ruling, and its teachings guide believers in their pursuit of righteousness and the establishment of just societies.
In conclusion, the Maliki Math’hab, the Fiqh of Iraq and Hijaz, and the Zaydi Math’hab, each with their unique perspectives and contributions, reflect the diversity within Islamic jurisprudence. Through their reliance on the Quran, these schools aim to derive legal rulings that align with the divine guidance, promote justice, and foster a deep understanding of Islam’s principles and teachings.
ISLAMIC LAWS 