Introduction:
The obligation of Zakaah, a vital pillar in Islam, holds immense significance in the life of a devout Muslim. However, over the centuries, various interpretations and claims regarding Zakaah have emerged, giving rise to diverse perspectives among scholars and practitioners. In this case study, we will delve into the Chennai Treatise, examining PJ Zainul-Aabideen’s claim and its implications, as well as the concept of Ijmaa of the Ummah (consensus) and the understanding of the Sahaabah (companions of the Prophet). We will also explore the Quranic statements on Zakaah, its annual and advance payments, and its application concerning the wealth of orphans.
PJ Zainul-Aabideen’s Claim:
In the Chennai Treatise, PJ Zainul-Aabideen presents an argument regarding the calculation and distribution of Zakaah. He contends that the traditional method followed by many scholars and communities is flawed, proposing an alternative approach based on specific interpretations of the Quranic verses.
Ijmaa of the Ummah and the Understanding of the Sahaabah:
Regarding matters of Islamic law and practice, Ijmaa of the Ummah, or the consensus of the Muslim community, plays a crucial role. The Quran acknowledges the importance of consultation and unity in Surah Al-Imran (3:103), “And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided.” Additionally, the understanding and practices of the Sahaabah serve as valuable sources of guidance. Allah praises their way of life in Surah Al-Hashr (59:10), “And [there is a share for] those who came after them, saying, ‘Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith.'”
The Obligation of Zakaah:
The obligation of Zakaah is clearly emphasized in the Quran. In Surah Al-Baqarah (2:43), Allah states, “Establish prayer and give Zakaah, and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience].” Furthermore, in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:110), Allah emphasizes the rewards of fulfilling this duty, “And establish prayer and give Zakaah, and whatever good you put forward for yourselves – you will find it with Allah. Indeed, Allah of what you do, is Seeing.”
Statements of the Sahaabah and Salaf:
The practices and statements of the Sahaabah and the early generations of Muslims (Salaf) serve as invaluable reference points for understanding Islamic principles. In Surah Al-Hujurat (49:10), Allah commends their virtues, “The believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers. And fear Allah that you may receive mercy.”
Annual Payment of Zakaah:
The Quran provides guidance on the timing and frequency of Zakaah payments. In Surah Al-Baqarah (2:267), Allah states, “O you who have believed, spend from the good things which you have earned and from that which We have produced for you from the earth. And do not aim toward the defective therefrom, spending [from that] while you would not take it [yourself] except with closed eyes.”
Advance Payment of Zakaah and Zakaah on the Wealth of Orphans:
While the Quran emphasizes the annual payment of Zakaah, it also accommodates specific circumstances. In Surah At-Tawbah (9:60), Allah mentions categories of people eligible to receive Zakaah, including those in debt and wayfarers. Additionally, Surah An-Nisa (4:6) addresses the responsibility of guardians in managing the wealth of orphans, including their Zakaah, “And test the orphans [in their abilities] until they reach marriageable age. Then if you perceive in them sound judgment, release their property to them.”
Conclusion:
In this case study, we have examined the Chennai Treatise’s claim, the significance of Ijmaa of the Ummah and the understanding of the Sahaabah, and the Quranic statements on Zakaah. The Quran serves as the ultimate source of guidance for understanding and fulfilling the obligation of Zakaah. It is essential for scholars and practitioners to approach this matter with humility and a commitment to seeking the truth from the divine revelation.
ISLAMIC LAWS 