Introduction:
The emergence of Taqleed and the compilation of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) mark significant milestones in the evolution of Islamic scholarship. Over time, Muslim scholars engaged in a thorough study of the Quran and Hadith, leading to the formulation of diverse schools of thought. This article explores the reasons for Taqleed, the process of Fiqh compilation, and the contributions of reformers who shaped the landscape of Islamic jurisprudence.
Taqleed: The Path of Adherence
Taqleed is the act of following qualified scholars and their interpretations of Islamic law. The concept arose as Islamic teachings spread to regions with diverse cultures and languages. It provided a practical solution for laypeople seeking guidance on religious matters. In Surah An-Nahl (16:43), Allah reminds believers to seek knowledge from those with expertise, “And We sent not before you except men to whom We revealed [Our message]. So ask the people of the message if you do not know.”
Reasons for Taqleed:
- Accessibility: Not all Muslims have the time or means to study the vast body of Islamic texts comprehensively. Taqleed allows them to rely on the knowledge of qualified scholars who have dedicated their lives to understanding Islamic law.
- Consistency: Taqleed ensures that legal rulings are consistently applied within a specific school of thought, fostering unity and avoiding confusion in the Ummah.
- Preservation of Knowledge: By adhering to established scholars, Taqleed safeguards the continuity of Islamic knowledge across generations, preventing misinterpretations and innovations.
Compilation of Fiqh:
The compilation of Fiqh involved a rigorous process of extracting legal rulings from the Quran, Hadith, and the understanding of the early Muslim community. Scholars dedicated their efforts to preserve the authenticity and relevance of Islamic teachings.
In Surah An-Nisa (4:59), Allah emphasizes the importance of referring disputes to Allah and His Messenger, “O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result.”
Reformers: Shaping Islamic Jurisprudence
Throughout history, reformers emerged to address changing circumstances and challenges faced by the Muslim community. Their innovative methodologies and critical thinking contributed to the development of Islamic jurisprudence.
Surah Al-Araf (7:31) urges mankind to “Eat of the lawful and good [things] that Allah has provided for you,” highlighting the importance of adhering to lawful practices.
Conclusion:
The emergence of Taqleed, the compilation of Fiqh, and the contributions of reformers have profoundly shaped the landscape of Islamic jurisprudence. By following qualified scholars, adhering to the principles of the Quran and Hadith, and respecting the wisdom of the early Muslim community, the Ummah continues to navigate the complexities of modern life while preserving the essence of Islamic teachings. Embracing the diverse schools of thought, Muslims strengthen their collective understanding of the faith and maintain unity, upholding the message of compassion, justice, and mercy that lies at the core of Islam.
ISLAMIC LAWS 